Change order
A written addition or change to a signed job, with its own price, agreed before the extra work is done.
A change order is how work outside the original scope gets added without a fight. The customer wants another outlet, the wall turns out to be rotten, the tile they chose costs more than the allowance: each is a change order, written, priced, and accepted before anyone touches it.
The discipline is "in writing, before." A change agreed in the hallway and billed at the end is the one that gets disputed. A one-line change order the customer approved from their phone never is.
Related: Scope of work · Allowance · Exclusions
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